|  The  Ghats : The Ghats at Varanasi are plenty and constitute the most  important feature of this holy city. There are almost 100 ghats in  Varanasi and all of them are forever busy with pilgrims taking a dip,  meditating or simply soaking in the splendid views. Among the most  important ghat is Dasaswamedh Ghat, which derives its name  from the legend that ten horses were sacrificed here by Brahma. It is  one of the oldest ghats and the best to catch splendid views of the  flowing river and sadhus meditating on its banks. Especially  interesting is the evening aarti, when thousands of diyas (lighted lamps) are set afloat on the river from this ghat. Manikarnika Ghat is the main cremation ground of the city,  hence one of the most sacred. It is believed that a cremation here  grants an entry to heaven and frees one of the cycles of life and  death. This ghat has a sacred well called Manikarnik Kund, which is  believed to have been created by Vishnu during the creation of earth.  There is also a shrine dedicated to Vishnu and a Tarakeshvara lingam,  making it one of the busiest ghats. Remember that photography is  strictly prohibited here and you must maintain absolute silence. The Tulsi Ghat is considered important for the fact that the great  Hindu poet Tulsidas spent his last days here. His house, samadhi,  pillow and the idol of Hanuman he worshipped have been preserved  here. This ghat is also believed to be the site of the first Ramlila,  hence a temple dedicated to Lord Rama has been erected here. The  waters flowing through this ghat are supposed to have curative powers  from diseases including leprosy. The Assi Ghat is located at  the confluence of the Ganges and Assi River and is known for the shivalingam it houses under a peepal tree. Another important  lingam is the Asisangameshwar Lingam sited in a small marble temple  near the ghat. Pilgrims are required to take a bath at this ghat  before proceeding to pray here. The Kedar Ghat is one of the brightly painted ghats known as the  site for devotees taking a dip early morning. It is also home to a  Shiva temple and a Parvati Kund whose waters have healing powers.  Extremely popular with Jains is the Bachraj Ghat, which houses  three Jain temples near the river bank. The Rana Ghat has  several cafés and is an important centre for yoga. Similar to  the Manikarnika Ghat, Harishchandra Ghat is also a cremation  ghat, owing its origin to King Harish Chandra, who once worked here  to epitomize truth and charity. Similar to its predecessor, a  cremation here is also said to grant salvation. The Hanuman Ghat is famous for the Hanuman Temple believed to have been established  here by Sage Tulsidas. Shivala Ghat is known as one of the  important bathing points. It is home to a 19th century  mansion, a temple dedicated to Lord Shiva and the spiritual centre  Brahmendra Math. Birthplace of Agni, the Scindia Ghat is known  for its almost submerged Shiva Temple and the several important  temples located above it and the Bhonsale Ghat has red  sandstone houses and terraced hostels. Built by the king of Jaipur,  the Man Mandir Ghat is home to an 18th century  ornate observatory, a stone balcony and the lingam of Someshwar (Moon  God). The Lalita Ghat is home to the wooden Ganga Keshava  Temple dedicated to Lord Vishnu. It also houses an image of  Pasupateshwar, a manifestation of Lord Shiva. The Mansarovar Ghat,  deriving its name from Lake Mansarovar at the foot of Kailash  Mountains, was another construction by the King of Jaipur and houses  a stone balcony and a small observatory. Panchganga Ghat is  one of the most sacred ghats and bathing points and is the site of  the confluence of Ganga, Yamuna, Saraswati, Kirana and Dhupapa.   Kashi  Vishwanath Temple: Located on the Western Bank of Ganges, this is  one of the most famous temples dedicated to Lord Shiva,  worshipped as Vishwanatha. Its 15.5 mt high gold-plated vimana has  earned it the name Golden Temple. The temple complex is made of  several smaller shrines that line the Vishwanatha Gali. The main  linga is black in colour and housed within a smaller shrine in a  silver square. Smaller shrines dedicated to Mahakala,  Dhandapani, Avimukteshwara, Vishnu, Vinayaka, Sanishwara, Virupaksha  and Virupaksh Gauri are also present within the complex. You’d also  find a Nandi Bull facing what was once the original shrine. Enter the  temple well in time to view the offerings of milk, Ganga water, lotus  flowers and garlands made by devotees. Open  from: 5.30 am-12.00 noon; 4.00 pm-8.00 pm
 Note  – Cellphones, handbags and camera are strictly prohibited within  the temple complex
 Bharat  Mata Temple : This is the only temple dedicated to Mother India in  Varanasi and was inaugurated by Mahatma Gandhi. The main idol is  built in marble and depicts an undivided India, complete with  mountains, plains and oceans. The highlight of this temple is the  absence of the usual gods and goddesses and instead housing a map of  India in marble. Durga  Temple : Peculiarly known as the Monkey Temple, this 18th  century temple is red in colour and sports a multi-layered spire. The  idol within is believed to have appeared on its own, hence held in  great reverence. The profusion of monkeys in the temple precincts  grants it the name Monkey Temple. This temple is the site of great  activity during Navratri. Non-Hindus can enter the courtyard but not  the inner sanctum. Tulsi  Manas Temple : Dedicated to Lord Rama, the Tulsi Manas Temple is  located close to the Durga Temple. This white marble construction is  believed to be the spot where Tulsidas wrote the epic  Ramcharitamanas. In fact the walls of the temple are inscribed with  verses and scenes from this epic. Open  from: 6.30 am-11.00 am; 3.00 pm-9.00 pm
 Sankat  Mochan Temple : Located near the Benaras Hindu University, this  temple is dedicated to Lord Hanuman as the reliever of all  sufferings. This temple is especially busy on Tuesdays when thousands  of devotees line up to offer prayers to the lord. Pilgrims smear  their foreheads with vermilions and offer the lord his favourite food  of laddoos. Bharat  Kala Bhavan : Located inside the BHU campus, this museum is a  treasure house of paintings dating to the Mughals, varieties of  textiles and Hindu and Buddhist figurines. A particularly popular  sculpture is of Lord Krishna lifting the Govardhan Mountain –  depicted by a man standing on one leg and listinf a mass of stone  above with one hand. The museum is divided into several sections,  including Mahamana Malaviya Gallery, Nicholas Roerich Gallery, Chhavi  Gallery, Sculpture Gallery, Nidhi Gallery and Decorative Art Gallery.Open  from : 11.00 am-4.30 pm
 Jantar  Mantar : Another creation of Maharaja Jaisingh of Jaipur, this  observatory is similar to the ones in Delhi and Jaipur. The Jantar  Mantar at Varanasi has several instruments made of stone, which were  used to record the motion, speed and behaviour of stars and planets  and to study such accurate astronomy that can still be used today. Benaras  Hindu University : One of the oldest educational centers in India,  the Benaras Hindu University was built in 1917, as a centre for the  study of humanities, social sciences, science, technology, medicine,  fine arts and performing arts. Spread over a vast expanse of  landscaped gardens, it houses a temple, an airstrip and beautifully  designed buildings. Popular centres include a medical college, an  engineering institute, a hospital and a sports complex. The highlight  of this university is the fact that not only Indians, but a large  number of foreign students who attend the university. Ramnagar  Fort : Built in the 18th century, this was once the  ancestral home of the former Maharaja of Varanasi. Located south of  the city, the fort is built in typical red sandstone and houses  within a temple dedicated to Ved Vyasa and a museum within the  grounds. An interesting array of ornate palanquins, gold-plated  howdahs, vintage cars, ivory artifacts, antique clocks and weapons  are some of the artifacts on display in the museum. Also present  inside is a Durga Temple and a Hanuman Temple. Check out the huge  clock within the fort – it displays year, month, week, day and  astronomical calculations about the sun, moon and the stars!  Yoga : Varanasi has always been a great centre of ayurveda and yoga and  several such centres imparting education on these have been  established here. Among the better known centres are BHU, Man Mandir  Ghat, Kashi Yoga Sangh at Sankat Mochal Temple and International Yoga  & meditation Centre at Nagawa. Sarnath : This is one of the closest excursions from Varanasi, known as the  place where Buddha delivered his first sermon. Sarnath is one of the  most revered Buddhist centres and the presence of several Buddhist  monuments establishes the fact. The Sarnath Museum houses an  interesting collection of Buddhist artifacts, including a statue of  Buddha seated with his eyes cloed in meditation and a halo around his  head. Another important structure is the Ashokan Pillar with its four  lions, an inverted lotus and 24 spoked Dharma Wheels with four  animals. The Mulagandhakuti Vihar is the main temple in  Sarnath, said to be the place where Buddha used to stay during his  visits. Fine paintings done by a Japanese artist adorn this temple’s  walls. The Dhamekh Stupa is the most important structure here,  deriving siginifance from the fact that Buddha delivered his first  sermon here. Other significant stupas are Dharmrajika Stupa and Chaukhandi Stupa. |